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QO, Edison. fapers

A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION

PART IT (1879-1886)

Thomas E. Jeffrey Microfilm Editor and Associate Director

Paul B. Israel Assistant Editor

Mary Ann Hellrigel Douglas G, Tarr David W. Hutchings Robert A. Rosenberg Editorial Associates

Leonard DeGraaf John Deasey Joseph P. Sullivan Barbara B. Tomblin Alan Stein Jacquelyn Miller Karen Kozak Maria Antonakakis

: Student Assistants

Keith A. Nier Assistant Editor

Reese V. Jenkins Director and Editor

Sponsors Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site New Jersey Historical Commission Smithsonian Institution

University Publications of America Frederick, Maryland 1987

Edison signature used with Permission of McGraw-Edison Company,

BEG ER ie EE PER ATEN DEO G GE Re ETRE SE Tee EOE BR HEU CRT Rare Ne eee A Ae TERE eT e Pm ge

Thomas A. Edison Papers at Rutgers, The State University endorsed by

National Historical Publications and Records Commission 18 June 1981

Copyright © 1987 by Rutgers, The State University Allrights reserved, No part of this publication including any portion of the guide and index or of the microfilm may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means—graphic, electronic, mechanical, or chemical, including photocopying, recording or taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The original documents in this edition are from the archive at the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange, New Jersey.

PRU aT

THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS

Reese V. Jenkins Director and Editor

Thomas E. Jeffrey

Associate Director and Microfilm Editor

Assistant Editors

Paul B. Israel

Robert A. Rosenberg Keith A, Nier Andrew Butrica

Assistant to the Director Helen Endick

Leonard DeGraaf Alan Stein Jacquelyn Miller

Research Associates Douglas G. Tarr Mary Ann Hellrigel David W. Hutchings

Secretary Grace Kurkowski

Student Assistants Joseph P. Sullivan Karen Kozak Granville Miller

1

AT tae) Pear ea EE ME Cee eRe RE

BOARD OF SPONSORS

Rutgers, The State University of National Park Service, Edison New Jersey National Historic Site Edward J. Bloustein Roy W. Weaver T. Alexander Pond Edward J. Pershey Tilden G, Edelstein Smithsonian Institution John Gillis Bernard Finn New Jersey Historical Commission Arthur P, Molella

Bernard Bush Howard L. Green

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology Alfred D, Chandler, Jr., Harvard University Neil Harris, University of Chicago Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania Arthur Link, Princeton University Nathan Reingold, Smithsonian Institution Robert E. Schofield, Iowa State University

CORPORATE ASSOCIATES

William C. Hittinger (chairman), RCA Corporation Edward J. Bloustein, Rutgers, The State University of NJ. ' Cees Bruynes, North American Philips Corporation Paul J. Christiansen, Charles Edison Fund Philip F, Dietz, Westinghouse Electric Corporation Roland W. Schmitt, General Electric Corporation Harold W. Sonn, Public Service Electric and Gas Company Morris Tanenbaum, AT&T

tS atl aera a Me a a a cial A aia a a a a lr

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS

PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Charles Edison Fund

The Hyde and Watson Foundation Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation

PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS National Science Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities

PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS

Alabama Power Company

Amerada Hess Corporation

AT&T

Atlantic Electric

Association of Edison Illuminating Companies

Battelle Memorial Institute Foundation

The Boston Edison Foundation

Cabot Corporation Foundation

Carolina Power and Light Company

Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.

Consumers Power Company

Corning Glass Works Foundation

Duke Power Company

Exxon Corporation

Florida Power & Light Company

General Electric Foundation

Gould Inc. Foundation

Gulf States Utilities Company

Idaho Power Company

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

Iowa Power and Light Company

Mr, and Mrs. Stanley H, Katz Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. McGraw-Edison Company Middle South Services, Inc. Minnesota Power New Jersey Bell Telephone Company New York State Electric & Gas Corporation North American Philips Corporation Philadelphia Electric Company Philips International B.V. Public Service Electric and Gas Company RCA Corporation Robert Bosch GmbH San Diego Gas & Electric Savannah Electric and Power Company Schering Plough Foundation Texas Utilities Company Thomson-Brandt Transamerica Delaval Inc, Westinghouse Educational Foundation Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

RP OT OS

oR ace

PTERON STE wey RAMAN HER OSTA

A Note on the Sources The pages which have been

filmed are the best copies

available. Every technical . —

effort possible has been

_ made to ensure legibility.

hv at Oak hon cnt Attest ae ais cannars bron hane balers bspaing ek arrcbas ea Gen Bs hho dt a de

PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM COPYING RESTRICTIONS

Reel duplication of the whole or of any part of this film is prohibited. in lieu of transcripts, however, enlarged photocopies of selected ems contained on these reels may be made in order to facilitate research. —

JOR Ss emt:

Se, SIE PATS RANT AME ELT E DS ACETAL TLE TIER I TEEN IMTOO TI ETN IT TL NT Pe TEN

THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION

PART II (1879-1886)

REEL 49 DOCUMENT FILE SERIES (DOC-9)

D-79-001 through D-79-018 ("Deafness" through "Edison, T.A. - Unsolicited Inquiries")

sh ib iN inane Sapiens Baa RAINE LLIN TA Acai ty dist

Jets saul NEARS rk baa sa path

DOCUMENT FILE SERIES, 1879-1886

The Document File is primarily, but not exclusively, a collection of incoming correspondence. The correspondence frequently contains notes by Edison or one of his secretaries, indicating the nature of the reply. The folders comprising this series also contain drafts and final copies of outgoing correspondence, as well as legal, financial, and patent-related documents. Legal material in the Document File includes agreements, incorporation papers, powers of attorney, proxies, depositions and other legal statements, and, occasionally, civil court records such as summonses and satisfactions of judgment. Financial material includes financial reports, unbound account sheets, bills, receipts, Promissory notes, stocks, bonds,

ayrolls, and orders. Patent-related material includes patent applications, caveats preliminary applications), and patent assignments. The Document File also contains a variety of other documents, such as Memoranda, essays, reports, circulars, inventories and other lists, test reports, and, occasionally, a laboratory sketch on the back of another document. Dockets and endorsements frequently appear on the back of the incoming correspondence. They have been filmed only when they contain significant information not appearing on the document itself,

The materials in the Document File for 1879-1886 relate primarily to the invention and development of Edison's incandescent electric lighting system. Included is material dealing with both the technical and business aspects of electric lighting and power. Many of the documents pertain to the establishment of manufacturing and operating companies in the United States, Great Britain, France, Chile, and other countries in Asia, Europe, and South America. While working on the electric light, Edison began a search for a supply of platinum, which he originally intended to use as a filament material. There are numerous documents relating to this search, to Edison's development of an ore separator, and to the establishment and operation of the Edison Ore Milling Company, Ltd. Another side development resulting from Edison's electric light researches was his

electric railway, and there is some material relating to the experimental line that he built at Menlo Park.

In the folders for 1879-1882 there are a considerable number of documents Pertaining to Edison's work on the telephone, particularly the establishment and consolidation of companies in Great Britain and France. For the years 1880-1882 there is correspondence between Edison and John Michels, the editor of Science. During this period Edison was the principal financial backer of that journal. The folders for 1885-1886 contain Correspondence concerning the development of Edison's phonoplex system of railway telegraphy. There is also a small amount of

material relating to other forms of telegraphy and a few documents about the phonograph.

The documents in this series are arranged by year. Within each year they are divided into broad subject categories such as electric light, telegraph, and telephone. These subject categories are frequently subdivided according to individual companies (for example, "Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company"). Sometimes a company folder is further subdivided according to function (for example, "Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company - Engineering Department"), During the period 1883-1884 the Thomas A, Edison Construction Department installed central stations throughout the Northeast and Midwest, and documents relating to these stations can be found in folders such as "Electric Light - Thomas A. Edison Construction Department - Central Stations - Massachusetts - Brockton." For the years 1883 and 1884 there is also an extensive collection of outgoing correspondence from the Construction Department and other Edison companies, which can be found in “Edison, T. A. ~ Outgoing Correspondence." Documents concerning the promotion of Edison's inventions in foreign countries are filed in folders such as “Electric Light - Foreign" and "Telephone - Foreign - United Kingdom." Documents relating to more than one subject or pertaining to personal matters or to topics not falling under the main Subject categories can be found in the "Edison, T. A. - General" folders, Information about a particular technology can often be found in the "Edison, T. A. - General" and in the "Patents" folders, as well as in folders directly related to that technology.

Extensive collections of incoming correspondence, agreements, and other unbound documents also appear on the microfilm in the Charles Batchelor and Francis R. Upton collections (Special Collections Series) and in the Harry F, Miller File (Lega! Series),

A list of folder titles and identification numbers precedes the documents for each year.

D-79-001 D-79-002 D-79-003 D-79-004 D-79-005 D-79-006 D-79-007 D-79-008 D-79-009 D-79-010 D-79-011 D-79-012 D-79-013 D-79-014 D-79-015 D-79-016 D-79-017 D-79-018 D-79-019 D-79-020 D-79-021 D-79-022 D-79-023 D-79-024 D-79-025 D-79-026

1879 DOCUMENT FILE Deafness Drexel, Morgan & Company Edison, T.A. - General Edison, T.A. - Accounts Edison, T.A. - Advice Edison, T.A. - Articles Edison, T.A. - Autograph and Photograph Requests [not filmed] Edison, T.A. - Bills and Receipts [not filmed] Edison, T.A. - Bills of Lading [not filmed] Edison, T.A. - Book and Journal Orders Edison, T.A. - Clubs and Societies Edison, T.A. ~ Creditors Edison, T.A. - Employment Edison, T.A. - Family Edison, T.A. - Honors and Awards Edison, T.A. ~ Insurance [not filmed] Edison, T.A. - Payroll Receipts [not filmed] Edison, T.A. - Unsolicited Inquiries [not filmed] Electric Light - General Electric Light ~ Edison Electric Light Company Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company of Europe, Ltd. Electric Light - Foreign Electric Pen Exhibitions - American Institute Annual Exhibition Menlo Park Laboratory

Mining - General

D-79-027

D-79-028 D-79-029 D-79-030 D-79-031 D-79-032 D-79-033 D-79-034 D-79-035 D-79-036 D-79-037 D-79-038 D-79-039 D-79-040 D-79-041 D-79-042

Mining - Edison Ore Milling Company, Ltd.

Mining - Platinum Search

Patents

Patents - Patent Bill

Phonograph -~ General

Phonograph - Edison Speaking Phonograph Company Phonograph - Foreign

Railroad ~ Port Huron and Sarnia Railway Companies Tasimeter

Telegraph

Telephone - General

Telephone - Carbon Button Orders [not filmed] Telephone - Foreign ~ General

Telephone - Foreign - Europe

Telephone - Foreign - United Kingdom - General

Telephone - Foreign - United Kingdom ~ Accounts (not filmed]

ACRE E PNA TORE STENT APO, AEMIE CRA ELITE CMTE NEES MPS PEDESTAL PLOT ETAT NST BI PREPRINT EA TEL DRED SRT EBERT SOE TEENS %

1879. Deafness (D-79-001)

This folder contains correspondence telating to Edison's work on a hearing aid. Following the appearance in early 1878 of articles about the phonograph, which drew attention to his own deafness, Edison began receiving inquiries about his proposed invention of a hearing aid. (See Thomas A. Edison Papers Microfilm Edition, Part J, 15:3-166.) In 1879 many of these correspondents again wrote to Edison to inquire about the current state of the invention. There were also some original inquiries about the device,

Less than one percent of the documents have been filmed. These items received significant replies or were written by individuals associated with Edison.

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READ THE NOTICE AT THE TOP...

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[ENCLOSURE]

TTS oeemnencnttetnrnaaistininn, aoe

‘ ‘ } ey THE CHICAGO TRIBUNG: =—XX——————[—[—[—————_

Dosed a $25 fine for Vagraucy, in order that this sume petty oflicer/saw ft to relinquish -his‘idca

that. ho was the’ Bloom!nzton murderer. .The police qmicht opgaga. in- better ‘business th: this St, we : ’,

«THE: |AUDIPHONE..

1 A

A Device for Removing, the Misery

Entirely Now Prinoipls in’

Discovery.of. “2 | Acoustics,

ees i Rss : . The tingenuity of American {nventors ‘hos digplayed itaclf flor mauy years in the yatent- ing of instrumonds to help the hearing of dif- forent peor’. ;Ai}t these: dovices aro but modl- fications ‘of the gar-trumpet. They haye all been attorpts: to Lromedy, through’ the car, 4 defect oxf¥ting, within {t, and many of them have undoubtedly jrather: worsoned than bet- tored in its sensq the constant use of. the defective organ; ang the throwing upon it of a greater volumo of spund than itis naturally accustomed to has a\tendency to ‘increas the disease which has affectad the hearipz. ‘AnForentor has now cpme forward, however, who étruck out on a mew path; who hasdis- cardéd the oar as the moangof hearing, and‘put- ting on. ono’ sido all those ear-trumpets, large and ‘small, which are“ bothersome to, carry around, and which really are Only available when a speaker talke directly into‘them, and which are practically usoless if sted ata; public _mecting, theatre, or an opora, dnd’has utilized the mouth—or, to speak. more directly, the teeth—aos a ‘means of “making the dent hear. It is tho aoplivation of a long-known' principle, buat: nono. the, less

for that. The foventor ts.0 Chicaroan—Mr, Richard 8, Rhodes, the sector partner of tho publishing firm of Rhodos & McClure. He bas been deaf for nearly twenty years. --After going. through with tho usual routine of ear-trumpets, and all that sort of nonsense, and getting thor. oughly discusted with It, he happened one day to hold a watch between. his teoth; and.noticed that he could distinctly hear its ticking, though when lic held it to his ear no sound was aadible: ' Thie sat: him to thinking that possibly:he might be able: to invent.somoe:.dovico: by. :which the sounds of the human volco could be tranamitted to the ‘auditory nerve, through the modium of the tuba, ee the:ticklnm of the watch had beon. 80 ho Inunched'out upon a sores of -ex- perimente, extending over many years, and cost- Ing not a littic, which finally brought him to an

nasured success, Ho began by taking atrips of

wood, say eight’ by ning Inchcs‘each way, and, |,

by holding the uppor end of the strip againat his teoth,—the strip boing :o0 placed that the voice of - tha person to whom hie jvas speaking shoutd stritco uno it, nnd the vibrations Jmparted to it by tho voico might be given to'hia tecth, and

us :

poor boy might ba held fa confinement until-|

‘Voli the Deaf. 2}

ingenious, and none the less: usoful |.

:| wood was too : resonant... The. aound .thus oh- ‘| tained echoed too much. _ Those echocs rua into 4 one another so, that. the heorur, hears a. sound

‘| .déater the Person’. the -greater. the curve must he... Whon used, thaverson holding it-almoty

OTe ebea

-eDD:

paneer PASB TO THN AUDITORY NERVI.- He found that ho was ablo to hoar, but that the

pos

and nothing “more. Theso . exnorimonts of wood werd very .thorongh, extending ‘over o hundred different: Kinds in as many differant ways. Thenbe resorted to metal, trying tin, ailyer, steel, and brass, but with oqually un- aatiafuctory results. He got the’ sound but it was too-hollow.: Ho tried compositions: of “paper, and ‘everything else imagination could surgest, notil sbout a vearago ho hit uy vuleanized rnbbur, and found that that articla— which had not:the resonanco: of many of tho other thinws which he had tricd—wns tho most ‘patlefactory. Haying convinced himself that that was the best medium for conveying sounds, ho then had: to ‘go. through another series. of oxperimants to:.decide ‘as: to the best shave, and manner of using {t. That problem ho worked out to his satisfaction; and, having convinced himself of his success, applied for letters-patent for what he calls an Audl- phone, or a saund hearer. Having thus secared htmeclf » by lettors-patent, ho, bas begun.the mavufacture of these instrumenta in New. York, there not being the conveniences or: skilled workinon bere, and ho {s now ready to offer them for sale. ‘ : :

Tn its present ahapo the audlphone resembles nothing more than a good-sized fan, Thouch mado of several sizes, the ones first manufact- ured aro nino snd one-half laches: by‘ ning Inches,—simply a snect .of villcanizod rubber, Pp aiu8t4t-09--t—eeduahintiininess, aot firmly ip abandleof the. rama materia). ‘in the uppor tim of this sheet are picrced some hules throurh which passes n silken cord, This xoes down on the {nner side of the sheet, to’ the handlo,, through aslotin which it. passes, By pulling this ‘cord the sheot is; bent over: at, any angle which the uscr may desire, Each person has to ‘ascertain for’ himeclf what kind of a curve of the rubber ‘sheot will ‘onable him to hear best. Genorally jt ts very sllaht,—only aboptdo or.13 derrces,—thouch, apparently, the

toucles the upperedecot the fun, or audiphone, agatnat the teeth of the upper jaw.‘ The volco. of the speaker strikes upon this: tense sheet of rubber, and communicates ‘to ft .:vibrations whith are{n - turn:.mparted . to’ the teoth,' aud -then pass "to: the auditory: nerve. With this operation ‘the outor car has cothing whatever to do. -Tho. delivate. machinery. through which sound -passing. {com without makes an, im- pression upon the auditory nerva: is not used at all, . ‘Tho outer car, may be stovped up entirely, 60. far.tan’ it: {s-possiblo to do it, and yot one. boars; distinctly... the: moment that’ tha audiphone is applied to the teeth. It is noces- sary to use tho teeth of the uppor-jaw, for. the reason that they-aro more nearly in contact with tho auditory nervo;:nor “docs .{t.mako . very inuch difference whether the teeth be ono’s own or artificial, so long as thoso. artificial : teath ara tightly. fitted: for when ‘that is:the case the vibrationy;is imparted:abont as.woll as when thoy aro natural tocths a or 1t is‘knowan that the cdltor: of .this’papor has.

been.deag fora number of yeara,and that dar? ing. that :time.. ho. has uscd all tho:devices: for, {mproylog his'bearing that’ ho could hear of-or- that wera broughtito him.: None of them wore,:. howover, ‘satisfactory, . Hovbas tried the audl-: phone fox some wocoks, and Ands that it not only. improves his hearlug 1." : : jeg) 7 BUT RESTORES THB dENSH of hearing to‘him.’. Not“maroly does ft

when: engaged jn¥conyorsation ‘with ‘a person who.Ja afoot,’ wfeety from “him, ‘but ft: answers perfec! Ea ‘concert,:: Bach note:of the mustelan’ and sath tone: of :the singzor como: as clearly, and distinctly ‘os: thay.d{d-boforo'the* songo“ot” hugring ’ waa impalred. Othors ‘tid bleo' tested thistnstrument, nud* have e: cd themerives adtisied with ite working. °° $3 Tho. andipty gan'.be -had- nt the office ‘of ‘9, In the Atathodist Church ab Ve addrossed'by poraons | outalde of the city, © Thoipricox is: 815; fori what: they call the ‘convorsationul ‘andiphono, or, 835": for'.tha: opera‘ audiphone;~ Adubdly! one “of somorhat Greator power.

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[MEMORANDUM BY CHARLES BATCHELOR]

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T. A. EDISON,

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1879. Drexel, Morgan & Company (D-79-002)

This folder contains correspondence about routine financial transactions undertaken by Drexel, Morgan & Company for Edison or his companies. Material relating to Drexel, Morgan & Company's role as a financier of Edison's electric light and telephone ventures can be found in folders on those subjects.

All the documents for 1879 have been filmed in order to provide a sample of

the material available. In subsequent years, however, routine documents in this folder have not been filmed.

sai URNS Lag Daa Sandip A aay

A a A eT A AT FT

Drexel, Morgan & Ce.

BOX 38086 P. O.

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1879. Edison, T.A. - General (D-79-003)

This folder contains documents, primarily correspondence, covering a wide variety of subjects. Some of the material relates to personal matters. Also included are documents that deal with more than one subject, such as a letter about both the electric light and the telephone. Documents concerning subjects that do not fal! under the main subject categories are also filed in this folder.

Approximately 90 percent of the documents have been filmed. Duplicate copies of correspondence, third-party correspondence unrelated to Edison, and unanswered fan mail have not been filmed. Unsolicited requests for personal favors, for loans and exhibits of inventions, and for information about Edison have not been filmed except in cases where a significant answer has been found.

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