==
‘Lo Keep Pace
with America
The 1966
Moonshooter report
The life of an average human being as symbolized by
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fn A documentary presentation of the concepts set
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The film examines some of the ways in which technology is being used in the class- room. Shows how schools and colleges are shedding their traditional apathy to mach-
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FOR BOOKING
pivision of
INFORMATION
WRITE TO
BRANCHES OF THE GENERAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION—
CALGARY~—Chairman, Cambie Gillespie, 2641-5 Ave. N.W.; Sec. Ken Oliver, 3408 Cascade Road; CAMROSE—Pres., Charles McCleary, 4616-49 Street; Sec. Margie McCrea, Box 1927; CEN- TRAL ALBERTA—Pres. Al Armstrong, 5017 Ross Street, Red Deer; Sec. Mrs. Doris Jewell, 3722-44 Avenue, Red Deer; DENTAL ALUMNI ASSOCI- ATION—Pres. Dr. R. W. Turner, 304 Tegler Building, Edmonton; GRANDE PRAIRIE—Pres. Henry Toews, 10261-111 Avenue; Sec. Mrs. Martha G. Melvin, 10535-101 Avenue; MEDICAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION—Pres. Dr. Norris Bert- rand, 65 Academy Med. Bldg., 1812-4 Street W. Calgary; MEDICINE HAT—Pres. Jack Arm- strong, 158 Cochrane Drive, N.W.; Sec. Dr. V. Krasnoff, 250-4 Avenue $.W.; MONTREAL— Registrar, C. S. Campbell, 603 Sun Life Bldg.; NURSES ALUMNAE ASSOCIATION—Pres. Miss Edythe Markstad, 10817-79 Avenue, Edmonton; Sec. Mrs. P. Ponich, 8108-145 Street, Edmonton; OTTAWA—Pres, Mrs. V. Milner, 570 Wolffdale Avenue, Ottawa 18; Sec. Mrs. G. F. C. Davis, $79 Shamir Avenue, Ottawa 18; ROCHESTER, MINN.—Resgistrar, Dr. George Molnar, Mayo Clinic; TORONTO—Pres. Mrs. Jean Duff, 1753 Bayview Avenue, Toronto 17; Registrar, Mrs. F. J. Heath, 284 Dawlish Avenue, Toronto 12; VANCOUVER—Pres. F. J. McEvoy, 2050 West 19th, Vancouver 9; Sec. Mrs. Sheila Maxwell, 4550 W. 7th Avenue; VEGREVILLE—Pres. Harry B. Chomik; Sec. Fred P. Begoray, Box 271; VICTORIA—Pres. Mrs. H. R. Turner, 3110 Mid- land Avenue; Sec. Mrs. E. M. Myhre, 1516 Westall Avenue; WESTLOCK—Pres. Lorne Clapperton; Sec. Bob Edgar; WINNIPEG—Pres. Harry Mather, 620 Manchester Blvd. Ft. Garry 19, Man; Sec. Dr. Marvin Seale, 195 Lyndale Drive, Winnipeg 8.
GENERAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION EXECUTIVE—
Honorary President, Dr. Walter H. Johns; Presi- dent, Mr. George Ross '38; Vice-President, Judge Bruce C. Whittaker ’36; Past President, Dr. Jack E. Bradley ’40; Executive Secretary, Alex G. Markie °48, ’62, 65; Honorary Secretary, Alex D. Cairns '38; C. Les Usher °49: Doug Burns ’51; Dr. R. W. Turner '49, 53; Dr. Stan Clarke '37, 40, °45; Dr. Doug C. Ritchie °41; Dr. Art J. Anderson °41; John N. Ford ’34; Mrs. Rae Ramage; Miss Billie Niblock °54; Cambie Gillespie ‘36; Charles McCleary ’60: Allan Armstrong ’49; Harry B. Chomik ’50; Bob Edgar 55; Ernie Marshall ’64.
EDITOR— A. G. Markle, Alumni Office, U. of A,
ADVISORY BOARD— Dr. Johns, Dr. C. M. Macleod, George Ross.
Printed by The University of Alberta Printing Department Edmonton, Alberta
TNEW TRAIL
A quarterly publication of The University of Alberta, Edmonton, and its Alumni Association
Member AMERICAN ALUMNI COUNCIL
SPRING, 1966 VOLUME XXIil, No. 4
Authorized as second class mail by the Post Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment of postage in cash.
In this issue...
Features 5 A MAJOR WEAPON 6 TOUR BUREAU ON CAMPUS
7 KEEPING PACE AT THE U. OF A.
Special Feature
9 TO KEEP PACE WITH AMERICA
Departments 29 ON THE CAMPUS
30 ALUMNI
The weathervane indicates, though does not govern, the direction of the winds. Someday men may control the weather as they search for further understanding of the unknown.
Through wise, personal planning, Canada Life gives
men some control over the unknown by protecting them from the economic hazards of death, disability and old
age.
She (CANADA LIFE TT opbssurence Company
May we suggest Save-for-the-Little-Things- you-might-otherwise-never-buy Account?
CANADIAN IMPERIAL BANK OF COMMERCE
The Faculty of Medicine has an- nounced a new scholarship program established and financed by the New York Life Insurance Company.
Dean Walter C. MacKenzie says the faculty is one of 11 medical col- leges in the United States and Can- ada to be invited to participate in the program.
Starting this Fall, the program wil provide one scholarship for a member of each new medical class who would otherwise have serious financial problems in entering a career in medicine. An unusual aspect of the scholarship program is that the amount of each grant will depend on a budget worked out by Dean MacKenzie with the scholar- ship recipient. Each scholarship is intended to cover tuition, room, board, fees, books and equipment.
According to the terms established by the New York Life, the Faculty of Medicine will be solely responsible for the selection of scholarship re- cipients. All students applying for admission to the Faculty will be eligible to compete for this award, which will be awarded on the basis of scholarship and financial need.
The Faculty of Medicine presently is able to accept 105 students each year. Seen accepting the initial scholarship cheque from S. Ross Johnson, New York Life supervisor, is Dr. D. F. Cameron, right, Associate Dean of Medicine.
A Major
TEAM of Canadian Depart-
Ament of Agriculture scientists
has discovered and developed
a new broad-spectrum antibiotic
which promises to be a major wea- pon against disease.
The new antibiotic, called Myxin, is the result of several year’s work done in the CDA’s Research Branch by Dr. F. D. Cook, Associate Pro- fessor of Soil Microbiology at The University of Alberta, Dr. E. A. Peterson, a University of Alberta graduate in 1950 and 1952, and Dr. D. C. Gillespie.
Myxin has been tested in the laboratory with success against 34 species of bacteria, 49 species of fungi, 12 species of antinomycetes, and 12 species of yeast.
In the test tube, it was effective against the organism responsible for tuberculosis and against the in- fectious bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, which is troublesome in hospitals and currently resistant to other antibiotics. It is also extreme-
ly effective in lab tests against many species of plant pathogenic bacteria which cause such diseases as ring rot of potatoes, alfalfa wilt, fireblight of fruit trees, and fungi which cause such diseases as cereal root rot.
Weapon
The organism which produces Myxin is a member of a group of soil bacteria known as myxobacters. The one-celled microbe was found by Dr. Cook when he was doing basic research on the relationship between soil bacteria, soil fertility, and the health of plants. Dr. Cook found that these myxobacters pre- vented growth of many other or- ganisms that were causing serious crop diseases. This growth pre- vention was the result of the produc- tion by the myxobacters of lytic enzymes that dissolved other bac- teria. Later he saw that one strain of myxobacter produced no lytic enzymes but rather a red colored material which prevented the growth of bacteria.
Dr. Gillespie successfully extract- ed this colored material from broth in which myxobacters had grown. Tests by Dr. Cook and Dr. Peterson showed that this extract had the same killing effect that had been demonstrated by the living culture.
Dr. Gillespie developed methods of production, isolation, and puri- fication of the antibiotic and suc- ceeded in crystallizing it. This made it possible to carry out more exten- sive tests.
RESEARCHERS PETERSON, COOK, GILLESPIE, HOCHSTER
During the course of the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the General Alumni Association held on the Edmonton campus early in the Spring, delegates assembled for a photograph on the steps of the New Women’s residence prior to lunch. At the day-long meeting a substantial commitment of $8,000 for library books was made to the Edmonton and Calgary campuses.
Official delegates included, front row, left to right: Mrs. Lora Mellemstrand, Calgary; Dr. Walter H. Johns, President of the University; Mrs.
Mae Myhre, Victoria; Dr. Jack Bradley, President of the G.A.A.; Mrs. Jean Duff, Toronto; Dr. Donald R. Stanley, Edmonton; Miss Billie Niblock, Edmonton; Mrs. Doris Jewell, Red Deer; Dr. Doug Ritchie, Edmonton; second row: Judge Bruce C. Whittaker, Edmonton; Mr. George Ross, Edmonton; Mr. Allan McQuarrie, Calgary; Cambie Gillespie, Calgary; back row: Dr. Art Anderson, Edmonton; Mr. Alex Cairns, Edmonton; Mr. Frank McEvoy, Vancouver; Mr. Al Armstrong, Red Deer; Mr. John Armstrong, Calgary; Mr. Doug Burns, Edmonton; Dr. Bob Turner, Edmonton; Mr. Alex Markle,
Executive Secretary of the G.A.A.
MODERN AGRICULTURE ON FILM
A new 30-minute 16 mm. color film with sound, portraying in dynamic fashion the role of modern agriculture in the Canadian economy and revealing the excellent oportuni- ties available for graduates in agri- culture, has just been received at the University. The film, sponsored by the Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Co., is available on loan from the Faculty of Agriculture to schools, 4-H groups, and to any other groups interested in better understanding opportunities for those with higher education in agriculture, as well as for those wishing to better under- stand Canada’s modern agriculture.
Unique is the presentation on screen of seven men prominent in the fields of Canadian business, ed- ucation, and journalism, combining their thoughts to explain the re- lationship between agriculture and business, while emphasizing the im- portance of education.
6
OLD TRAILS—1946
The first post-war Rhodes Scholar from the University will be John A. Dougan who left his studies in honours history in 1942 to take the King’s shilling. During the war he rose from private to major in the Loyal Edmonton Regiment, and won a military cross and bar. The second Rhodes Scholar will be V. E. Graham who foresook his studies some years ago for naval in- telligence. The I.0.D.E. Scholarship of 1945-46 has been granted to J. E. Gander, 45, who serves this year as an instructor in English at the University.
Miss Maimie S. Simpson, who was giving half-time service to the University and half-time to the Edmonton Public School Board, was appointed by the Board of Governors to become a full time member of the University staff. Dr. C. F. Bentley, then on the staff of the University of Sask- atchewan, had been appointed assistant professor of soils. Mr. J. R. Murray and Mr. B. E. Riedel, both of whom expect shortly to be discharged from the Armed Forces, had been appointed sessional in- structors in pharmacy.
TOUR BUREAU ON CAMPUS
There is a new Students’ Union project at the University known as The Students’ Union tour bureau. The purpose of the agency is to pro- vide facilities to conduct organized private tours of the campus, and the service is available to any groups wishing to arrange a visit to the University.
The Golden Key Society, under its president, G. Burn Evans, is in charge and members act as hosts and hostesses to visiting groups. The bureau will provide all types of guided tours to allow groups to see and understand those parts of the campus they are interested in. In this way the public will be able to visit the campus on an organized basis on their own time.
Schools and other groups of per- sons wishing to tour the University should contact Mr. Evans directly regarding tour details.
Keeping Pace at the U. of A.
In the article “To Keep Pace with America”, found elsewhere in this publication, the tremendous changes which have taken place in higher education over the past fifteen years are discussed. Many of the changes cited are of the intangible nature— change in the personalities of the students, their goals, their outlook, their needs; change in the roles play- ed by the faculty; and change in the amount of knowledge available to be studied.
Although the article is mostly con- cerned with the situation in the Unit- ed States, there is no doubt but what much of what is said applies to Canada and, even more specifically, to The University of Alberta. Ac- cordingly, the editor of The New Trail thought that it might prove interesting to the alumni of The University if they were given some idea of the changes that have taken place at the University since 1950-51.
The first change that comes to mind, of course, is the change in the University’s appearance. Whereas in 1950-51 the campus was a relative- ly small collection of buildings on a relatively wide-open piece of land, today it is a rather large collection of buildings on a piece of land that al- most everyone regards as being much too small. In fact, and as most of you undoubtedly know, the Uni- versity will soon acquire the entire North Garneau area for its ex- pansion requirements. Among the buildings added to the campus since 1950-51 are the Agriculture Build- ing, the Engineering Building, the Physical Education complex, the Mathematics - Physics - Chemistry complex, the Cameron Library, the Education Building, the Lister Hall Residence complex, the Household Economics Building, and the soon-to-
By BRIAN A. McDONALD
Assistant to the President
be completed Henry Marshall Tory (Social Sciences) Building. During this period the University’s assets have risen from $15,000,000 to $125,000,000. And to place the changes in even sharper perspective, the University’s capital budget for the 1966-67 fiscal year is some $28,000,000—almost double the value of the whole campus in 1951.
If an alumnus were to return to the campus after an absence of fif- teen years he would undoubtedly first notice the change in the Uni- versity’s physical appearance. (He might first notice the difficulty in finding a place to park his car— there were over 5,200 student- registered cars in 1965-66). How- ever, soon thereafter, he would realize that the number of people on campus—students, professors, secre- taries, workmen—had increased greatly. Whereas in 1950-51 there were 3,200 full-time students, 237 full-time faculty, and about 450 other full-time employees, in 1965-66 the University had 10,274 full-time students, 736 full-time faculty, and about 1,750 other full-time em- ployees. In other words, the number of bodies either studying or working on campus has more than tripled in the past fifteen years. The enrol- ment has been increasing, and is ex~ pected to continue to increase, at the rate of about 1,000 students per year with the faculty increasing by about 100 per year. However, indications are that the University will “level- off” at an enrolment of 18,000 full- time students and present planning is predicted on this maximum.
Concurrent with the change in numbers of students has been a change in the make-up of the stu- dent body: (1) Perhaps the most obvious change is the increase in the
number of women students—as a proportion of the total student body; whereas in 1950-51 women repre- sented 26 per cent of the student body, today they represent over 35 per cent—and it is predicted that this trend will continue. (2) The second change in the student body is in the percentage working on post- graduate degrees; in 1950-51 grad- uate students were 7 per cent of the total while today they represent about 11 per cent. It is predicted that, by 1980, the percentage may well have risen to over 20 per cent. (3) Partly as a result of the trend toward greater emphasis on graduate studies and partly because of the high reputation of the University, there has been a substantial in- crease in the number of foreign students enrolled at the Univer- sity. Whereas in 1950-51 there were only about 25 foreign students (less than 1 per cent of the total), in 1965-66 there were over 900 such students (almost 9 per cent of total). The presence of such a large number of students from foreign lands has added a pleasant touch of sophistic- ation and a cosmopolitan atmosphere to the campus. (4) The student body is, by and large, older now than it was in the early 1950’s. Several factors have caused his phenom- enon: the trend towards more grad- uate study, the extension of several programs from three years to four years, the establishment of junior colleges with the result that many freshmen students take their first year of University work at the junior colleges, etc. As a result, the average student on campus today is more mature than the average student (excluding the veterans) of fifteen years ago.
(Continued on Page 8)
Several other comparisons be- tween 1950-51 and 1965-66 will serve to indicate the degree of change over the fifteen year period and they should be of interest to alumni. Per- haps the easiest way of illustrating these somewhat unrelated criteria is by means of a table.
1920-51 1965-66 Number of courses offered ... .. 600 1,225 Number of Faculties and Schools an 12 15 Number of Academic Departments . 38 58 Operating Costs . $2,150,000 $21,800,000 -—per full-time student 3672 $2,122 Library Volumes 120,000 550,000 Residence accommodation. 550 1,511 (beds) (beds) * * Ea * xk
The brief analysis above, cannot begin to cover all of the changes which have taken place at The Uni- versity of Alberta in the past fifteen years. However, it should give con- crete evidence that change—both tangible and intangible—has taken place. There is no doubt but what, during this period, the University has changed from an undergraduate teaching-oriented University to a University that places great emphasis on graduate education and research.
OLD TRAILS—1946
Cement has been poured for the found- ations of the basements of both extensions for the Medical Building. the Arts Building had undergone changes,
Every floor of
some of them very extensive, and the same statement could be made of most of the The routine duties of the Registrar’s Office had be-
come so heavy as to leave little time for
buildings on the campus.
reorganization. The acting registrar ‘Geoff’ therefore called upon Dr. Max Wyman of the Department of Mathematics for help. To the problem in human engineering, Dr. Wyman had devoted intelligence and clear thinking with results that were happy in- deed. The new “patterns” in Arts facilitat- ed the new “block” system of registration that he devised, so that it was possible to register freshmen in large groups with astonishing speed.
8
OLD TRAILS—1956
The promotion of A. D. Cairns, assistant registrar, at the University since 1946, to registrar, was one of several promotions and appointments announced by President Andrew Stewart. Mr. Cairns succeeded G. B. Taylor, who continued on the staff as admissions registrar.
Another notable appointment was that of Bruce Peel, acting University librarian for the past year, to the post of chief librarian.
Still on the subject of libraries, Miss Mary Dodds was named acting extension librarian, succeeding Miss Flora Macleod who had left for Calgary.
In 1956 there was a good deal of concern about a proposed new Physical Education building on the campus. At its annual meeting, the Alumni Association resolved:
(i) That the Alumni Council of the General Alumni Association of the Uni-
versity of Alberta is wholeheartedly in favour of the idea of erecting a Jubilee Gymnasium and swimming pool on the campus to commemorate the occasion of the University’s Golden Jubilee.
(ii) That if the University of Alberta and the Government of Alberta agreed to erect a Jubilee Gymnasium and Pool to com- memorate the fiftieth anniversary of the University, the General Alumni Associ- ation pledges itself to launch an immediate campaign to raise funds from alumni to assist in the erection of such facilities.
Some 1,950 students, an increase of 150 over the previous year, had completed advance registrations for the thirty-eighth annual University summer session. A total of 98 courses were being offered, and 112 instructors had been appointed including 71 members of the University’s regular teaching staff. Almost 100 students were registered in the school of graduate studies.
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‘Lo Keep Pace
with America
HAT ON EARTH is going on, there?
Across the land, alumni and alumnae are asking that question about their alma maters. Most of America’s colleges and universities are changing rapidly, and some of them drastically. Alumni and alumnae, taught for years to be loyal to good oLp Siwash and to be sentimental about its history and traditions, are puzzled or outraged.
And they are not the only ones making anguished responses to the new developments on the nation’s campuses.
From a student in Texas: ‘“The professors care less and less about teaching. They don’t grade our papers or exams any more, and they turn over the discus- sion sections of their classes to graduate students. Why can’t we have mind-to-mind combat?”
From a university administrator in Michigan: “The faculty and students treat this place more like a bus terminal every year. They come and go as they never did before.”
From a professor at a college in Pennsylvania: ‘The present crop of students? They’re the brightest ever. They’re also the most arrogant, cynical, dis- respectful, ungrateful, and intense group I’ve taught in 30 years.”
From a student in Ohio: “The whole bit on this campus now is about ‘the needs of society,’ ‘the needs of the international situation,’ ‘the needs of the 1BM system.’ What about my needs?”
From the dean of a college in Massachusetts: ‘Everything historic and sacred, everything built by 2,000 years of civilization, suddenly seems old hat. Wisdom now consists in being up-to-the-minute.”
From a professor in New Jersey: ‘“‘So help me, I only have time to read about 10 books a year, now. I’m always behind.’’
From a professor at a college for women in Virginia: “‘What’s happening to good manners? And good taste? And decent dress? Are we entering a new age of the slob?”
From a trustee of a university in Rhode Island: “They all want us to care for and support our institu- tion, when they themselves don’t give a hoot.”
From an alumnus of a college in California: ‘‘No one seems to have time for friendship, good humor, and fun, now. The students don’t even sing, any more. Why, most of them don’t know the college songs.”
What is happening at America’s colleges and universities to cause such comments?
Today’s colleges and universities:
T BEGAN around 1950—silently, unnoticed. The signs were little ones, seemingly unconnected. Sud- denly the number of books published began to soar. That year Congress established a National Science Foundation to promote scientific progress through education and basic research. College enrollments, swollen by returned war veterans with G.I. Bill benefits, refused to return to ‘‘normal’’; instead, they began to rise sharply. Industry began to expand its research facilities significantly, raiding the colleges and graduate schools for brainy talent. Faculty salaries, at their lowest since the 1930’s in terms of real income, began to inch up at the leading col- leges. China, the most populous nation in the world, fell to the Communists, only a short time after several Eastern European nations were seized by Com- munist coups d’état; and, aided by support from several philanthropic foundations, there was a rush to study Communism, military problems and weapons, the Orient, and underdeveloped countries.
Now, 15 years later, we have begun to compre- hend what started then..The United States, locked in a Cold War that may drag on for half a century, has entered a new era of rapid and unrelenting change. The nation continues to enjoy many of the benefits of peace, but it is forced to adopt much of the urgency and pressure of wartime. To meet the bold challenges from outside, Americans have had to transform many of their nation’s habits and in- stitutions.
The biggest change has been in the rate of change itself.
Life has always changed. But never in the history of the world has it changed with such rapidity as it does now. Scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer recently observed: “One thing that is new is the prevalence of newness, the changing scale and scope of change it- self, so that the world alters as we walk in it, so that the years of a man’s life measure not some small growth or rearrangement or modification of what he learned in childhood, but a great upheaval.”
Psychiatrist Erik Erikson has put it thus: ‘“‘To- day, men over 50 owe their identity as individu- als, as citizens, and as professional workers to a period when change had a different quality and
Copyright 1966 by Editorial Projects for Education, Inc,
when a dominant view of the world was one of a one-way extension into a future of prosperity, progress, and reason. If they rebelled, they did so against details of this firm trend and often only for the sake of what they thought were even firmer ones. They learned to respond to the periodic chal- lenge of war and revolution by reasserting the in- terrupted trend toward normalcy. What has changed in the meantime is, above all, the character of change itself.’
This new pace of change, which is not likely to slow down soon, has begun to affect every facet of American life. In our vocabulary, people now speak of being ‘“‘on the move,” of “running around,” and of “‘go, go, go.” In our politics, we are witnessing a major realignment of the two-party system. Editor Max Ways of Fortune magazine has said, “Most American political and social issues today arise out of a concern over the pace and quality of change.” In our morality, many are becoming more ‘“‘cool,” or uncommitted. If life changes swiftly, many think it wise not to get too attached or devoted to any particular set of beliefs or hierarchy of values.
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Of all American institutions, that which is most profoundly affected by the new tempo of radical change is the school. And, although all levels of schooling are feeling the pressure to change, those probably feeling it the most are our colleges and universities.
T THE HEART of America’s shift to a new life of constant change is a revolution in the role and nature of higher education. Increasingly, all of us live in a society shaped by our colleges and universities.
From the campuses has come the expertise to travel to the moon, to crack the genetic code, and to develop computers that calculate as fast as light. From the campuses has come new information about Africa’s resources, Latin-American econom- ics, and Oriental politics. In the past 15 years, col- lege and university scholars have produced a dozen
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or more accurate translations of the Bible, more than were produced in the past 15 centuries. Uni- versity researchers have helped virtually to wipe out three of the nation’s worst diseases: malaria, tuberculosis, and polio. The chief work in art and music, outside of a few large cities, is now being done in our colleges and universities. And profound concern for the U.S. racial situation, for U.S. for- eign policy, for the problems of increasing urbanism, and for new religious forms is now being expressed by students and professors inside the academies of higher learning.
As American colleges and universities have been instrumental in creating a new world of whirlwind change, so have they themselves been subjected to unprecedented pressures to change. They are differ- ent places from what they were 15 years ago—in some cases almost unrecognizably different. The faculties are busier, the students more serious, and the courses harder. The campuses gleam with new buildings. While the shady-grove and paneled- library colleges used to spend nearly all of their time teaching the young, they have now. been burdened with an array of new duties.
Clark Kerr, president of the University of Cali- fornia, has put the new situation succinctly: “The university has become a prime instrument of na- tional purpose. This is new. This is the essence of the transformation now engulfing our universities.”
The colleges have always assisted the national purpose by helping to produce better clergymen, farmers, lawyers, businessmen, doctors, and teach- ers. Through athletics, through religious and moral guidance, and through fairly demanding academic work, particularly in history and literature, the colleges have helped to keep a sizable portion of the men who have ruled America rugged, reason- ably upright and public-spirited, and informed and sensible. The problem of an effete, selfish, or igno- rant upper class that plagues certain other nations has largely been avoided in the United States.
But never before have the colleges and universities been expected to fulfill so many dreams and projects | of the American people. Will we outdistance the Russians in the space race? It depends on the caliber
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Fligher education’ s patterns are changing; so are us leaders
While only 11 percent of America’s college gradu- ates went on to graduate work in 1950, about 25 percent will do so after their commencement in 1966. At one institution, over 85 percent of the recipients of bachelor’s degrees now continue their education at graduate and professional schools. Some institutions, once regarded primarily as under- graduate schools, now have more graduate students than undergraduates. Across America, another phe- nomenon has occurred: numerous state colleges have added graduate schools and become uni- versities.
There are also dramatic shifts taking place among the various kinds of colleges. It is often forgotten that 877, or 40 percent, of America’s colleges and universities are related, in one way or another, with religious denominations (Protestant, 484; Catholic, 366; others, 27). But the percentage of the nation’s students that the church-related institutions enroll has been dropping fast; last year they had 950,000 undergraduates, or only 18 percent of the total. Sixty-nine of the church-related colleges have fewer than 100 students. ‘Twenty percent lack accredita- tion, and another 30 percent are considered to be academically marginal. Partially this is because
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they have been unable to find adequate financial can justify the operation of four Presbyterian col- enrolled support. A Danforth Foundation commission on leges in Iowa, three Methodist colleges in Indiana, Other church colleges and universities noted last spring: five United Presbyterian institutions in Missouri, dents pre “The irresponsibility of American churches in pro- nine Methodist colleges in North Carolina (includ- ne viding for their institutions is deplorable. The aver- ing two brand new ones), and three Roman Catholic students age contribution of churches to their colleges is only colleges for women in Milwaukee.” proatsst 12.8 percent of their operating budgets.” Another important shift among the colleges is Coeduca Church-related colleges have had to contend the changing position of private institutions, as pub- and the with a growing secularization in American life, with lic institutions grow in size and number at a much nantly K the increasing difficulty of locating scholars with a faster rate. In 1950, 50 percent of all students were their fut religious commitment, and with bad planning from enrolled in private colleges; this year, the private after by 1 their sponsoring church groups. About planning, colleges’ share is only 33 percent. By 1975, fewer each ¥4 the Danforth Commission report observed: ‘‘No one than 25 percent of all students are expected to be grated in
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enrolled in the non-public colleges and universities.
Other changes are evident: More and more stu- dents prefer urban colleges and universities to rural ones; now, for example, with more than 400,000 students in her colleges and universities, America’s greatest college town is metropolitan New York. Coeducation is gaining in relation to the all-men’s and the all-women’s colleges. And many predomi- nantly Negro colleges have begun to worry about their future. The best Negro students are sought after by many leading colleges and universities, and each year more and more Negroes enroll at inte- grated institutions. Precise figures are hard to come
by, but 15 years ago there were roughly 120,000 Negroes in college, 70 percent of them in predomi- nantly Negro institutions; last year, according to Whitney Young, Jr., executive director of the National Urban League, there were 220,000 Ne- groes in college, but only 40 percent at predomi- nantly Negro institutions.
HE REMARKABLE GROWTH in the number of students going to college and the shifting patterns of college attendance have had great impact on the administrators of the colleges and universities. They have become, at many institutions, a new breed of men.
Not too long ago, many college and university presidents taught a course or two, wrote important papers on higher education as well as articles and books in their fields of scholarship, knew most of the faculty intimately, attended alumni reunions, and spoke with heartiness and wit at student din- ners, Rotary meetings, and football rallies. Now many presidents are preoccupied with planning their schools’ growth and with the crushing job of finding the funds to make such growth possible.
Many a college or university president today is, above all else, a fund-raiser. If he is head of a pri- vate institution, he spends great amounts of time searching for individual and corporate donors; if he leads a public institution, he adds the task of legis- lative relations, for it is from the legislature that the bulk of his financial support must come.
With much of the rest of his time, he is involved in economic planning, architectural design, person- nel recruitment for his faculty and staff, and curric- ulum changes. (Curriculums have been changing almost as substantially as the physical facilities, because the explosion in knowledge has been as sizable as the explosion in college admissions. Whole new fields such as biophysics and mathematical economics have sprung up; traditional fields have expanded to include new topics such as comparative ethnic music and the history of film; and topics that once were touched on lightly, such as Oriental studies or oceanography, now require extended treatment.)
To cope with his vastly enlarged duties, the mod-
Many professors are research-munded specialasts
ern college or university president has often had to double or triple his administrative staff since 1950. Positions that never existed before at most institu- tions, such as campus architects, computer pro- grammers, government liaison officials, and deans of financial aid, have sprung up. The number of institutions holding membership in the American College Public Relations Association, to cite only one example, has risen from 591 in 1950 to more than 1,000 this year—including nearly 3,000 indi- vidual workers in the public relations and fund- raising field.
A whole new profession, that of the college “‘de- velopment officer,” has virtually been created in the past 15 years to help the president, who is usu- ally a transplanted scholar, with the twin problems of institutional growth and fund-raising. According to Eldredge Hiller, executive director of the Ameri- can Association of Fund-Raising Counsel, ‘‘In 1950 very few colleges and universities, except those in the Ivy League and scattered wealthy institutions, had directors or vice presidents of development. Now there are very few institutions of higher learn- ing that do not.” In addition, many schools that have been faced with the necessity of special de- velopment projects or huge capital campaigns have sought expertise and temporary personnel from out- side development consultants. The number of major firms in this field has increased from 10 to 26 since 1950, and virtually every firm’s staff has grown dramatically over the years.
Many alumni, faculty members, and students who have watched the president’s suite of offices expand have decried the “growing bureaucracy.” What was once “old President Doe” is now “The Administration,” assailed on all sides as a driving, impersonal, remote organization whose purposes and procedures are largely alien to the traditional world of academe.
No doubt there is some truth to such charges. In their pursuit of dollars to raise faculty salaries and to pay for better facilities, a number of top officials at America’s colleges and universities have had insufficient time for educational problems, and some have been more concerned with business efficiency
than with producing intelligent, sensible human beings. However, no one has yet suggested how *“‘prexy” can be his old, sweet, leisurely, scholarly self and also a dynamic, farsighted administrator who can successfully meet the new challenges of unprecedented, radical, and constant change.
One president in the Midwest recently said: “The engineering faculty wants a nuclear reactor. The arts faculty needs a new theater. The students want new dormitories and a bigger psychiatric consulting office. ‘The alumni want a better faculty and a new gymnasium. And they all expect me to produce these out of a single office with one secretary and a small filing cabinet, while maintaining friendly con- tacts with them all. I need a magic lantern.”
Another president, at a small college in New England, said: ‘““The faculty and students claim they don’t see much of me any more. Some have become vituperative and others have wondered if I really still care about them and the learning process. I was a teacher for 18 years. I miss them—and my scholarly work—terribly.”
HE ROLE AND PACE Of the professors have changed almost as much as the administrators’, if not more, in the new period of rapid growth and radical change.
For the most part, scholars are no longer regarded as ivory-tower dreamers, divorced from society. They are now important, even indispensable, men and women, holding keys to international security, economic growth, better health, and cultural ex- cellence. For the first time in decades, most of their salaries are approaching respectability. (The na- tional average of faculty salaries has risen from $5,311 in 1950 to $9,317 in 1965, according to a survey conducted by the American Association of University Professors.) The best of them are pur- sued by business, government, and other colleges. They travel frequently to speak at national con- ferences on modern music or contemporary urban
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problems, and to international conferences on par- ticle physics or literature.
In the classroom, they are seldom the professors of the past: the witty, cultured gentlemen and ladies— or tedious pedants—who know Greek, Latin, French, literature, art, music, and history fairly well. ‘They are now earnest, expert specialists who know alge- braic geometry or international monetary economics —and not much more than that—exceedingly well. Sensing America’s needs, a growing number of them are attracted to research, and many prefer it to teaching. And those who are not attracted are often pushed by an academic “rating system” which, in effect, gives its highest rewards and pro- motions to people who conduct research and write about the results they achieve. ‘Publish or perish” is the professors’ succinct, if somewhat overstated, way of describing how the system operates.
Since many of the scholars—and especially the youngest instructors—are more dedicated and “‘fo- cused” than their predecessors of yesteryear, the allegiance of professors has to a large degree shifted from their college and university to their academic discipline. A radio-astronomer first, a Siwash pro- fessor second, might be a fair way of putting it.
There is much talk about giving control of the universities back to the faculties, but there are strong indications that, when the opportunity is offered, the faculty members don’t want it. Academic deci- sion-making involves committee work, elaborate in- vestigations, and lengthy deliberations—time away from their laboratories and books. Besides, many professors fully expect to move soon, to another college or to industry or government, so why bother about the curriculum or rules of student conduct? Then, too, some of them plead an inability to take part in broad decision-making since they are expert in only one limited area. ‘“‘I’m a geologist,” said one professor in the West. “What would I know about admissions policies or student demonstrations?”
Professors have had to narrow their scholarly in- terests chiefly because knowledge has advanced to a point where it is no longer possible to master more than a tiny portion of it. Physicist Randall Whaley, who is now chancellor of the University of Missouri at Kansas City, has observed: “There is about 100 times as much to know now as was avail- able in 1900. By the year 2000, there will be over 1,000 times as much.” (Since 1950 the number of scholarly periodicals has increased from 45,000 to
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consequences, and the difficulties of intellectual in- quiry in Western civilization. Professor Maure Goldschmidt, of Oregon’s Reed College, has said:
“The job of a liberal arts college is to pass on the heritage, not to push the frontiers. Once you get into the competitive research market, the demands become incompatible with good teaching.”
Another professor, at a university in Florida, has said:
“Our colleges are supposed to train intelligent citizens who will use knowledge wisely, not just intellectual drones. To do this, the colleges must convey to students a sense of where we’ve come from, where we are now, and where we are going— as well as what it all means—and not just inform them of the current problems of research in each field.”
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Somewhat despairingly, Professor Jacques Barzun recently wrote:
“Nowadays the only true believers in the liberal arts tradition are the men of business. They really prefer general intelligence, literacy, and adapt- ability. They know, in the first place, that the con- ditions of their work change so rapidly that no col- lege courses can prepare for them. And they also know how often men in mid-career suddenly feel that their work is not enough to sustain their spirits.”
Many college and university teachers readily ad- mit that they may have neglected, more than they should, the main job of educating the young. But they just as readily point out that their role is changing, that the rate of accumulation of knowl- edge is accelerating madly, and that they are ex- tremely busy and divided individuals. They also note that it is through research that more money, glory, prestige, and promotions are best attained in their profession.
For some scholars, research is also where the highest excitement and promise in education are to be found. “With knowledge increasing so rapidly, research is the only way to assure a teacher that he is keeping ahead, that he is aware of the really new and important things in his field, that he can be an effective teacher of the next generation,” says one advocate of research-cum-instruction. And, for some, research is the best way they know to serve the nation. “Aren’t new ideas, more information, and new discoveries most important to the United States if we are to remain free and prosperous?” asks a pro- fessor in the Southwest. “We're in a protracted war with nations that have sworn to bury us.”
HE STUDENTS, of course, are perplexed by the new academic scene.
They arrive at college having read the catalogues and brochures with their decade-old paragraphs about “the importance of each individual’? and “the many student-faculty relationships’ —and hav- ing heard from alumni some rosy stories about the leisurely, friendly, pre-war days at Quadrangle U. On some campuses, the reality almost lives up to the expectations. But on others, the students are
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dismayed to discover that they are treated as merely parts of another class (unless they are geniuses, star athletes, or troublemakers), and that the faculty and deans are extremely busy. For administrators, faculty, and alumni, at least, accommodating to the new world of radical change has been an evolu- tionary process, to which they have had a chance to adjust somewhat gradually; to the students, arriving fresh each year, it comes as a severe shock.
Forced to look after themselves and gather broad understanding outside of their classes, they form their own community life, with their own values and methods of self-discovery. Piqued by apparent adult indifference and cut off from regular contacts with grown-up dilemmas, they tend to become more outspoken, more irresponsible, more independent. Since the amount of financial aid for students has tripled since 1950, and since the current condition of American society is one of affluence, many stu- dents can be independent in expensive ways: twist parties in Florida, exotic cars, and huge record col- lections. They tend to become more sophisticated about those things that they are left to deal with on their own: travel, religion, recreation, sex, politics.
Partly as a reaction to what they consider to be adult dedication to narrow, selfish pursuits, and partly in imitation of their professors, they have become more international-minded and socially conscious. Possibly one in 10 students in some colleges works off-campus in community service projects— tutoring the poor, fixing up slum dwellings, or singing and acting for local charities. To the consternation of many adults, some students have become a force for social change, far away from their colleges, through the Peace Corps in Bolivia or a picket line in another state. Pressured to be brighter than any previous generation, they fight to
feel as useful as any previous generation. A student from Iowa said: ‘‘I don’t want to study, study, study, just to fill a hole in some government or industrial bureaucracy.”
The students want to work out a new style of academic life, just as administrators and faculty members are doing; but they don’t know quite how, as yet. They are burying the rah-rah stuff, but what is to take its place? They protest vociferously against whatever they don’t like, but they have no program of reform. Restless, an increasing number of them change colleges at least once during their undergraduate careers. They are like the two char- acters in Jack Kerouac’s On the Road. “‘We got to
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go and never stop till we get there,” says one. ‘“Where are we going, man?” asks the other. “I don’t know, but we gotta go,”’ is the answer.
As with any group in swift transition, the students are often painfully confused and contradictory. A Newsweek poll last year that asked students whom they admired most found that many said ‘‘Nobody”’ or gave names like Y. A. Tittle or Joan Baez. It is no longer rare to find students on some campuses dressed in an Ivy League button-down shirt, farm- er’s dungarees, a French beret, and a Roman beard —all at once. They argue against large bureaucra- cies, but most turn to the industrial giants, not to smaller companies or their own business ventures,
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For some years, it has been a tradition that the President of the University give an annual report to the members of Convocation on the activities of the University. Al- though President Johns is well on his way to recovery from his recent illness, he will not be back at work for some weeks, I, therefore must take his place. When the University was small, and our activities were few, it was relatively easy to give an annual report that was meaningful and reasonably complete. Today, our university is large, our activities are many, and it is now neither possible nor desirable to give at a ceremony of this kind, an annual report that lies within the traditional meaning of this term.
On April 1, 1966, a new Univer- sities Act became effective. This Act has abolished Convocation as a group of people, and has now defined Convocation to be a ceremony. I am, therefore, somewhat embarrass- ed, Eminent Chancellor, to stand be- fore you as an ersatz President giv- ing a fraudulent report to a group of people who no longer exist. I shall not, however, be at a loss for words.
Although the University motto “whatsoever things are true” was well chosen, a small change to read “Whatsoever things might be true are worthy of contemplation”, would more accurately describe the work of a university. We seek the truth with the calm assurance that it is worth seeking, even though it must be recognized that this elusive reality will always escape the work of mortal man.
We, like our biblical forefathers, are trying to build a tower of Babel, a tower that will reach into the sky and unlock the secrets of heaven.
Like them, we shall fail. The al- gebra of thought does not follow all of the normally accepted rules of logic, and, in particular, the law of the excluded middle does not apply. There is now, and always will be, one addition to the known and un- known, namely the unknowable. The universe in which we live is in- deterministic, and it is a universe in which man does not have the criteria to recognize absolute truth, even if he were, by accident, to find it.
Although philosophy has long re- cognized the severe limitations on the ability of man to acquire know- ledge, there exists the belief that the work of man will lead him toward the truth in some asymptotic man- ner. This belief is probably false.
Our fathers tried to build a tower of Babel, brick by brick, with in- dustry and care, secure in a belief that they would create an edifice which would surely lead their sons and daughters closer to the truth.
EDITOR’S NOTE: The President’s Reports to Convocation, Parts I and Ii, were of a quite different nature this Spring.
Due to the illness of Dr. Johns, they were delivered by Dr. Max Wyman, Vice-President (Academic) of the University. The tenor and content of the Reports were of such interest that The New Trail takes pleasure in reproducing each in full, Part I in this issue, and Part II in
the summer edition of the magazine.
They did not realize that building any structure too far in a single direction will always cause that structure to collapse, and all that will remain is a history of failure, a his- tory of mistakes that should not be repeated.
At the end of the nineteenth century man rested secure in a belief that the universe was adequately described by the Euclidean concepts of geometry, and one could point with pride to 2,000 years of verific- ation of such a belief. Suddenly a man was saying, and others were be- lieving, that this concept was false, and that our universe could only be described by a weird kind of Rie- mannian geometry, a geometry in which rulers and watches were not really different kinds of measuring instruments, a geometry in which space and time merged into a single entity. Out of his weird concept of the universe, atomic energy first be- came an idea in the minds of men, and then about 40 years later, be- came a reality for the whole world to see. The lesson that most people overlook in this story of atomic energy is that a whole structure of human thought, built so painstak- ingly by so many people, came tumbling down, and the twentieth century was forced to begin, from the beginning, to build its own tower of Babel. We are not adding to the tower our fathers built, and we will certainly not: rebuild the structure that seemed so important to them.
Knowledge is not an accumulation of factual information, information to be stored and used when neces- sary. Indeed, man destroys the wisdom of the ages at a rate that is faster than the rate at which he can discover new knowledge. We need
25
not fear, as some people believe, that new knowledge is being created at a rate that will swamp us, and that the time is coming when we must ex- tend the initial periods students must spend to obtain degrees. Society must clearly recognize the obsole- scence of knowledge, and that it must provide a mechanism for con- tinuing education, a means by which people will be trained, retrained, and retrained once again, to do the things our society now requires, and will require in the future.
There is a second part of the story of Babel which should not be over- looked. The curse of Babel must not be allowed to descend on us. In universities many jargonistic lan- guages are spoken, and proper com- munication among us is becoming difficult to maintain. Worse than this, proper communication between our University and the public that supports the University is slowly grinding to a halt. We no longer speak in Esperanto, a language that all are supposed to understand. Until we do, it will not be possible to tell the public of our aims, and to explain properly our aspirations. This, in my opinion, is one of the major reasons for the severe critic- isms one now reads of universities, and is certainly one of the reasons why so many people feel that the emphasis on research is misplaced, and that there is a constant flight from teaching. The ultimate in this kind of thinking can be found in William Faulkner’s description of his duties as “writer-in-residence” at The University of Virginia. Faulk- ner said that he wasn’t required to write, read, or teach anything. He did feel obliged, however, to walk across the campus twice a day, suit- ably attired in tweeds, so that stu- dents could jab each other in wonder and delight, and say “There he is”, “There he goes”.
These things are not true at our University, and I doubt that they are true at any of the major universities in the world.
The shaping of the thought of stu- dents demands that we teach them to have the proper respect and the proper disrespect for the knowledge
26
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Alberta’s fifty-sixth Convocation, Part I, held in the Jubilee Auditorium in May.
I
Honorary LL.D. degrees were conferred on two distinguished gentlemen at The University of
Seen with
the Chancellor of the University are the honorary degree recipients, left to right: the Honorable J. W. MacEwan, Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta, who delivered the Convocation address; Professor Alfred L. Burt, a former Rhodes Scholar and member of the history department at the University in 1913 where he taught for seventeen years; Dr. C. M. Macleod, Chairman of the Board of Govenors; and Dr. E. P. Galbraith, Chancellor of the University.
of our day. It demands that we simultaneously teach students to accept and reject dogma, and more important, to know when to accept and when to reject. This is a de- manding task to ask of our staff, and is an even more demanding task to ask of our students. Such a goal can cnly be accomplished in a research atmosphere, and students must see with their own eyes how useful the knowledge of our day can be, and at the same time, and in spite of its use- fulness, students must see how this self-same knowledge is continually being destroyed, and, through re- search, is continually being replaced. It is nonsense to believe that a per- son who is guiding ten students through the mysteries of research is somehow doing less for society than a person who is teaching hundreds of students at a somewhat lower level. Both of these tasks are neces- sary, and both persons have a right- ful place in a modern university. The fact that a Nobel Prize winner may surround himself with only a handful of students is not a symptom of disease. It is an attribute of the type of work he or she is doing for
society, a type of work that often demands endless hours of solitude, and endless hours free of inter- ruption.
Since I must give another report to another convocation, I have con- fined my remarks of today to those of a general nature, and have made no attempt to describe any of the specific activities of any specific group of members of our staff or stu- dents. There is, however, a small, select group who will in a sense graduate today, and who should re- ceive special mention. I speak of the members of the Board of Governors.
With the adoption of the new Universities Act, it seems reasonably certain that few of the present members of the Board of Governors will retain their present positions, and so the time has come to thank a group of dedicated people for the work they have done for this Pro- vince.
There is an inherent distrust be- tween Boards of Governors and staffs of universities, a distrust that stems from the usual animosities that often exist in industry between management-employee groups.
However, our Board has, by its vision, managed to bridge this natural gulf, and now enjoys the respect of a vast majority of mem- bers of our staff.
This Board has given this Uni- versity a form of university self- government that will be a model for other universities to follow. It was one of the first groups to recognize in a tangible way the needs of grad- uate education, and to obtain from the people of Alberta, through their government, the financial support for policies that were, in the first instance, the source of envy of other Canadian universities, and later be- came the adopted policies of other universities in Canada. During the past year, the Board has recognized the need to continue the education of the members of the staff of this University. Through generous leave regulations, about 5% of our staff will always be away studying, and will be able to bring to our students the latest developments from all countries of the world.
President Johns and the other members of the staff of our Univer- sity look upon the graduation of our present Board with considerable regret. In saying thank you to these ‘men and women, we would like to say that they have helped the staff build a university in which the proper perspective of the value of knowledge exists and they have helped create a heritage for the children of Alberta, a heritage that is worth having.
OLD TRAILS—1946
It was announced that the new alumni secretary was to be J. C. G. Brown, 45.
With the approach of the largest re- gistration in the history of the University, unusual preparations were being made on all sides. About 1,000 students were to be housed at the U.S. Airbase, and a housing bureau has been at work trying to locate every available room in Garneau. Four Nissen huts had been erected as well as several army units. These were located west of the north lab, across the walk from
the cafeteria.
GLADYS AND MERRILL MUTTART FOUNDATION GIFT
A $50,000 gift from the Gladys and Merrill Muttart Foundation has been made to the Depart- ment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, to assist in the support of a clinical unit for the study of diabetes mellitus and its related disorders.
This is the first unit of its kind in Canada. The presentation was made recently by Mr. and Mrs. Muttart to President W. H. Johns, left, and Dr. Donald R. Wilson, right, head of the Department of Medicine.
The objectives of the unit will be to encourage diabetic research, the education and training of physicians with special interests in this area of medicine,. and the improvement of the care and treatment of diabetic patients.
Mrs. Muttart, a partner in the Muttart Foundation, has served widely in the field of diabetic work. From 1954-1957 she was National President of the Canadian Diabetic Association and is currently Honorary President of the Alberta division of the C.D.A.
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University Campus Phone 439-8721 Ext. 214
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Since the granting of the Hudson’s Bay Comp- any’s charter in 1670, traders, seamen and adventurers of the Company helped to shape the history of Canada. Since the establish- ment of the Bay’s first department stores— Winnipeg in 1881 and Edmonton in 1890— the Bay has progressed with the country. Now, as in the past, the Bay continues to serve Canadians with foresight and integrity. Your satisfaction is assured when you shop at the Bay.
After the rush and bustle of Spring Con- vocation things have settled back to near normal on the campus.
This year there was a sharp break with tradition at the Spring festivities. For the first time in ten years the sun didn’t shine. However, this didn’t deter close to 1,600 graduands who received degrees during the two day ceremonies at the Jubilee Auditorium.
At Convocation Part 1, Hon. Grant McEwan, Lt. Gov. of Alberta, and Pro- fessor A. L. Burt, author and former head of the U. of A. history department received honorary Doctor of Laws degrees.
At the Part II ceremonies Honorary Doctor of Laws degrees were conferred on Mrs. Kate Andrews, pioneer Alberta ed- ucator, and G. R. A. Rice, President and General Manager of the Sunwapta Broad- casting Company.
Due to the sudden illness of Dr. E. P. Scarlett, Calgary, the Alumni Golden Jubilee Award was presented in absentia by Mr. George Ross, President of the Alumni Association.
Winners of ten fellowships awarded under the British American Oil Fellow- ship—Scholarship plan and available to Canadian graduate students for the 1966-67 academic year were announced recently by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada.
This year’s recipients included Arthur 0. Olson, Cranford, Alberta, an MSc. candidate in plant biochemistry, and John QO. Towler, Edmonton, a Ph.D. candidate in education.
The Canada Council has announced the names of 57 winners in the Council’s Senior Fellowships Competition, in the areas of the humanities and the social sciences. These awards go to established scholars and members of University staffs engaged in independent research or other forms of creative scholarship. Fellowship winners from the U. of A. are Dr. I. Moravcik and Dr. R. G. Baldwin. Their programs and places of tenure will be: Moravcik, Econo- mic Planning in Czechoslovakia, Prague; and Baldwin, 17th century English, Lon- don, England. Other recipients include
former staff members and graduates of the U. of A.—Dr. H. B. Mayo, Western Ontario, (Political Science), England and Europe; and S. R. Mealing, 1949, Carleton, History of Higher Education in Canada.
Dr. Walter C. MacKenzie, Dean of Medi- cine since 1959, was accorded an honorary degree from Dalhousie University, his Alma Mater, in May. Dr. MacKenzie is currently President of the American Col- lege of Surgeons.
Dr. John P. Bowland, professor of animal nutrition, has been awarded the Borden Award of the Nutrition Society of Canada for 1966. The research for which Dr. Bowland was being recognized has been mainly in the field of swine nutrition and metabolism. He has studied all of the major physiological activities of this species
—growth, fattening, reproduction, and lactation, and during the past five years has published or had accepted for public- ation 21 scientific papers in these areas.
Professor Charles S. Brant has been awarded a research grant by the Canada Council to support summer research in Greenland on eskimo education and cul- tural change.
A Doctor of Musical Arts degree from the University of Southern California was conferred this Spring on Arthur B. Crigh- ton, Associate Professor of Music at the University. Professor Crighton joined the University staff in Edmonton in 1949, and received his baccalaureate in music from the University of Toronto in 1949 and his master of music degree from the Univer- sity of Southern California in 1964.
Dr. R. B. J. Macnab, Faculty of Physical Education, has recently been appointed Canada’s representative on the inter- national committee for the Standardization of Physical Fitness Tests, a sub-committee of the International Academy of Sport Sciences. Dr. M. L. Howell, also on the Physical Education staff, is the only other Canadian representative. Drs. Macnab and Howell were recent recipients of a Department of National Health and Wel- fare grant of $29,000 to study the work capacity of Canadian children.
The Rutherford Library recently commemorated the millenium of Christianity in Poland with
a display of Polish history, biography, culture, and folk-art. Hanka Bednarski of the Library staff (seen in photo).
The display was arranged by Mrs. Just prior to World War II Mrs. Bednarski
spent a year in England studying in the British Museum while preparing her master’s thesis in philosophy. She returned to Warsaw during the fateful month of August, 1939, when Nazi panzer divisions began the invasion of Poland. The invaders closed down the University of Warsaw and
made it a criminal offence for any Pole to seek higher education.
Mrs. Bednarski sat for her
oral thesis examination at a clandestine gathering of professors in a private. home, and was granted her master’s degree which was given post-war recognition by the reconstituted University.
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J. C. Mahaffy, Q.C., has been elected President of the Alberta Gas Trunk Line Company Limited.
A distinguished alumnus of the Univer- sity and a medical authority in the field of dermatology, Dr. George M. Lewis pass- ed away recently in New York Hospital. Last year Dr. Lewis was awarded in absentia the Outstanding Achievement Award by the Medical Alumni Association.
Dr. Lewis was Head of the Dermatology department at New York Hospital and Cornell University Medical College from 1942 to 1962. He retired from practice a year ago.
29
A short note received recently from James A. Campbell stated that he is now living in Bermuda and liking it very much. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have as their address “Sea Mew”, Harbour Road, Warwick, Bermuda.
Calgary born Eric S. Austin in the first Canadian president of Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Company, Winnipeg. Mr. Austin was appointed general manager in 1959 and elected director and vice-presi- dent of the Company in 1961.
Gordon H. Allen, Q.C., a Calgary cor- poration lawyer, has been appointed to the appellate division of the Supreme Court of Alberta.
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Dr. George Sinclair, professor of elec- trical engineering at the University of Toronto has been voted the Distinguished Alumnus Award at Ohio State University. Dr. Sinclair is noted for his contributions to the theory of antenna design and par- ticularly the design of antennas for radar and for two-way-communications systems.
37 J. F. M. Douglas has been appointed director of corporate services for the C. M. & S. Company of Canada, Montreal. *40 Major General Bruce F. MacDonald has been posted from West Pakistan to an appointment as Commandant of the Cana- dian Army Staff College at Fort Frontenac.
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41 J. R. Ogilvie has joined the staff of Associated Engineering Services Limited and will serve as chief structural engineer in their Regina office.
"43
J. E. Bromley, formerly associate director of the Chemstrand Company at Pensacola, Florida, has been appointed technical dir- ector of the company.
E. B. Wilkins, of the British Columbia Department of Highways, was in New Zealand for five weeks in February and March on a W. A. Stevenson Travel Award.
44
R. E. Harris has been appointed vice- president of the British American Oil Company Limited.
"46
Professor Raymond U. Lemieux will direct research under a 1966 grant from the Corn Industries Research Foundation.
Dr. Lemieux, professor of organic chem- istry, will continue an investigation of hydrogen bonding and _ conformational analysis.
The new chairman of the graduate de- partment of French at the University of Toronto is Victor E. Graham. Professor Graham taught French and was assistant to the director at the University of Alberta in Calgary until 1958 when he accepted the Toronto appointment.
*49
Bernard L. Nugent has been elected vice-president of National Tank Limited.
The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology has as its new director J. O. Starritt. Mr. Starritt jointed the staff of N.A.LT. in 1963 as registrar.
On the occasion of the official installation of Her Excellency Madame Vanier as Chancellor of the University of Ottawa in February, the University of Alberta repre- sentative was The Hon. Marcel Lambert, MP.
J. Scarborough has been appointed property superintendent of C. M. & S., Trail.
The new director of St. Louis University Hospitals is Dr. Ernest N. Boettcher. Dr. Boettcher is resident at 19 Brighton Road, West Hartford, Connecticut.
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G. W. Bennett has been named comp- troller of Home Oil Company Limited.
Commencing in September, W. J. Cousins, Dean of the Lethbridge Junior
A FLIGHT TO LONDON
Graduates. .
. would you be interested in joining other U. of A.
Alumni on a charter flight to London next summer? The tentative dates are July 15th to August 15th, 1967. Air fare from Edmonton to London and return would be approximately $330
per person.
If this month long sojourn abroad appeals to you, perhaps you would indicate your interest by ticking the box below and returning the slip to the Alumni Office on the Edmonton campus.
Name
College will step down and become a full professor in the department of history. Mr. Cousins is the first man to receive a full professorship at the institution. In his new capacity, Professor Cousins will devote full time to the history department.
Funeral services were held recently for Miss Frieda Staal, an assistant principal and school teacher in Calgary for thirty years.
54
Dr. H. J. Crooks has been installed as a fellow of The American College of Ob- stetricians and Gynecologists in Chicago.
55
Donald M. Borchert, has been appointed assistant professor of religion at the Juniata College in Huntingdon, Penn- sylvania.
56
One of two Boston doctors performing delicate eye operations in upside-down surgery is Dr. H. MacKenzie Freeman at the Retina Foundation in Boston.
59
Nester A. Fedoruk has completed a Ph.D. degree at the University of Oregon and recently accepted a position as research chemist with DuPont.
61
Two new administrators, both with ex- tensive experience in education, have join- ed the staff of the Separate School board in Edmonton. They are Dr. Joseph Quinn and John Nearing.
Dr. Richard Graham Miller, son of the late Dr. R. B. Miller, has been awarded a post-doctoral fellowship at the California Institute of Technology. Later in the sum- mer he will take up a position as research fellow at the University of Toronto and conduct research work in the field of bio- physics.
W. J. Robertson has been appointed assistant superintendent of C. M. & S., Trail. BG.
The Henry Marshall Tory Memorial Scholarship provided by the General Alumni Association has been awarded this year to Edward D. Boldt.
62
David Beckwith has been ordained as a United Church minister.
Dr. Armin A. A. Mohr has been appoint- ed a resident in internal medicine at the Mayo Graduate School of Medicine.
63
Dr. Vernon G. MacKay is how associate professor of animal science at the Univer- sity of Guelph.
65
Miss Martha Munz at St. Mary’s Second- ary School in Zambia recently represented The University of Alberta at the install- ation of Dr. Kenneth Kaunda as Chan- cellor of the University of Zambia.
Professor Henry George Glyde, Head of the Fine Arts Department at the University, a man who has made a tremendous contribution in
the field of art and art education in the province, is to be awarded The University of Alberta National Award in Art for 1966.
The Award is presented annually to persons who have made outstand- ing contributions in the fields of music, letters, or painting and relat- ed arts. Past recipients of the Award include Sir Ernest MacMil- lan, A. Y. Jackson, the Rt. Hon. Vincent Massey, Mazo de la Roche, Lorne Pierce, Hugh MacLennan, Lois Marshall, W. G. Hardy, G. F. Comfort,. Marius Barbeau, Will R. Bird, and others.
The Award will be presented to Professor Glyde during the summer at the Banff School of Fine Arts. From 1936-46, Professor Glyde was a staff member with the Institute of Technology and Art in Calgary and in 1946 he joined the staff of The University of Alberta in Edmonton. Appointed full professor in 1949, the same year he was made a member of the R.C.A. Mr. Glyde was named curator of the University Art Gallery and Museum in 1950. Since 1955, Professor Glyde has been Head of the Department of Fine Arts. In 1958, he was awarded a Senior Over- seas Fellowship by the Canada Council.
DISTINGUISHED ALUMNA NAMED JUDGE
Alberta’s first woman judge is Mrs. Marjorie M. Bowker, ’38.
Mrs. Bowker is the wife of Wilbur F. Bowker, Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University. Her appoint- ment as a judge of the Juvenile and Family Courts in Edmonton was made by order-in-council recently.
Two other women have been appointed magistrates in Alberta. The first was Emily Murphy, ap- pointed in 1916 to become the British Commonwealth’s first women magi- strate. The other is Magistrate Wallace Kempo who presides over a traffic court in Edmonton.
Mrs. Bowker was born in Prince Edward Island and moved to Wes- taskiwin at an early age where she received her schooling. She grad- uated from The University of AI- berta with an arts and law degree and was admitted to the bar in 1940.
During many years of public ser- vice, Mrs. Bowker has been a mem- ber of the Patterson committee on adoptions and chairman of the com- mittee on juvenile corrections. She has also made intensive studies of juvenile delinquency.
ALUMNUS PRACTISES UPSIDE-DOWN SURGERY
One of two Boston doctors per- forming delicate eye operations through the medium of upside-down surgery is Dr. H. MacKenzie Free- man, ’56, at the Retina Foundation in Boston.
It’s a topsy-turvy way to perform any operation, but this heels-over- head technique is now being used for some of the most delicate eye sur- gery doctors know how to do. As a result of a blow, a half-square inch piece of retina—the fragile, tissue paperlike lining of the back of the eye—becomes detached and is folded over on itself.
A special table was developed by Dr. Freeman and his assistant at the Retina Foundation whereby they can swivel a patient upside-down and around until gravity unfolds the retina back in place. Then they re- attach it surgically.
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